A 35-year-old woman with a birth defect of the heart causing mixing of pure and impure blood underwent heart surgery through ...

initially requiring sternotomy, and recently was reported via a less invasive anterior thoracotomy approach. [12] ...

Two methods of delivery have been used: retrograde delivery via the femoral artery and transapical delivery through an anterior thoracotomy and small left ventriculotomy. Retrograde delivery ...