Two methods of delivery have been used: retrograde delivery via the femoral artery and transapical delivery through an anterior thoracotomy and small left ventriculotomy. Retrograde delivery ...
initially requiring sternotomy, and recently was reported via a less invasive anterior thoracotomy approach. [12] ...
Before the thoracotomy 2500 cc ... The catheter is seen in the second anterior interspace. The right hemithorax is almost completely filled with blood; at this time 2600 cc.