The incidence of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in the US has ... to the development of nephrolithiasis -- stone-promoting urine chemistries, Randall's plaques, and defects in the crystallization ...

This causes the urine to become cloudy in appearance. Various forms of crystals can result in different bladder stones, including magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), calcium oxalate ...

Doctors may refer to cholesterol crystals in the urine as cholesterol crystalluria. They often result from nephrotic syndrome. Cholesterol urine crystals are only visible under a microscope.