Smaller than a strawberry seed, this tiny signal amplifier was produced by the European Space Agency to fill a missing link ...

The higher the current, the further away from the rails ... Rather than dig through a lot of math, you can deal with nearly all op amp circuits if you remember two simple rules: The inputs of ...

Thermal noise current in MOSFET is given by Since noise voltages and currents are small, they can be represented as part of small signal model as shown below Noise Analysis of Common Source Amplifier ...

But to make that measurement you need an amplifier circuit designed for the thermocouple ... loop gain and very low input currents and input current errors. Analog Devices has a good write-up ...