A study by Malm et al. (1995) found that the number of patients with INPH who improved from surgical management with a VP shunt declined from 64% at 3 months to 26% at 3 years. The study also ...

Once the decision to place a VP shunt has been made, valve selection is of vital importance. There are many valve designs available today. As of 1999 there were at least 127 commercially available ...