particularly if you want to use the circuit as a comparator as we are here. Other practical problems arise because the op amp isn’t really perfect. A real op amp would not hit the 15V rail exactly.

[Tim] wanted to help out a ECE student struggling with some Op-Amp problems ... What he does is show how this — like most circuit solving problems — depends on how you group the components ...

A simple, low-cost Vehicle Theft Detector device can effectively alert homeowners or occupants if a parked vehicle is moved ...