Our approach to extending the depth of field utilizes the concept of point spread function (PSF) engineering to greatly increase the axial range clearly imaged in a single exposure. The basic concept ...

Changing the point spread function into a double-helix allows axial super-localization. DH-PSF splits a single point emitting source into two spots whose angle in the focal plane depends on the ...

The DH-PSF encodes a particle's axial position based on the angular orientation of its lobes. This allows for continuous 3D SPT without multiple contrast inversions. The 1D PC comprises ...