In its most basic form, a shoulder replacement involves replacing the worn-down arthritic joint with metal and plastic ...

1 John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National ...

Ball and socket joints also allow flexion and extension. Flexion of the shoulder joint occurs when the humerus (upper arm) moves forwards from the rest of the body, which happens at the end of an ...