Lower reactivity of diplogen compared with hydrogen results mainly from two causes: (1) the existence of zero point energy: and (2) the quantum mechanical leakage of particles through energy barriers.

There are three isotopes of hydrogen: hydrogen ... it becomes a negatively-charged ion A helium atom has two electrons in an energy level outside the nucleus. The atom is neutral as it has ...

Like ordinary water—H 2 0—each molecule of heavy water contains two hydrogen atoms and one ... as well as a proton in its nucleus. This isotope of hydrogen is called deuterium, and heavy ...

While the number of protons defines the element (e.g., hydrogen, carbon, etc.) and the sum of the protons and neutrons ... are unstable and will decay into other elements. The less abundant stable ...

Fusion is the end-goal of terrestrial energy generation on Earth. By fusing together plasma of two light nuclei (in this example, two atoms of the hydrogen isotope deuterium), the strong nuclear force ...