The Qp/Qs ratio can be measured during cardiac catheterization or via echocardiography and helps to determine the size of the cardiac shunt. The Qp (flow through the pulmonary vascular bed ...
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Update on Recent Advances in Pathophysiology, Investigation, and Treatment
It is due to vasodilation and angiogenesis in the pulmonary vascular bed, which leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatching, diffusion limitation to oxygen exchange, and arteriovenous shunting.
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