the cause of which can be structural (e.g., venous reflux or obstruction) or functional (e.g., dependent edema, weak calf muscle, or obesity) or both. The diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency ...

Percutaneous iliac stenting does not preclude subsequent venous bypass or corrective superficial and deep reflux surgery. This article reviews the etiologic factors and diagnostic modalities of ...

Results were compared with patients who underwent surgery at lower elevations ... or higher may be at increased risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients who undergo ...