death of the Prophet Mohamed in Medina AH 11 (AD 632) succeeded by four of his Companions, related by blood or marriage to the Prophet, each taking the title Caliph, in Arabic Khalifa meaning 'he who ...

The first coins minted in Egypt are datable to the Late Dynastic Period, most likely produced to pay Greek soldiers serving the Egyptian king (Bolshakov 1992). There are also Persian coins were minted ...

Sealing is an easy way to signal ownership on objects.In Egypt cylinder seals appeared first, later (First Intermediate Period) button seals/stamp seals become more common, although a very few stamp ...

We are UCL's hub for research, engagement and teaching on Europe. We foster an environment where work on Europe can flourish, aiming to maximise its reach and relevance - internally and externally.

Most caecilians inhabit moist tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, South and Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. A single species inhabits Trinidad & Tobago. Almost all ...

The MAPS Faculty Awards ceremony 2024 took place on the 9 December in the Haldane Room, Main Building, bringing together ...

Transliteration after Helck 1970, using the copy on Papyrus Hermitage 1116B as principal source. The section divisions are those of Helck 1970: after each section ...

Install R and RStudio on your computer by downloading them from the following sources: ...

This enviable piece of philosophy has been as successful as any other in the past three decades of the determinism and freedom debate. It has given rise to a continuing controversy. At its centre is ...

Find out more about what makes UCL research world-leading, how to access UCL expertise, and teams in the Office of the Vice-Provost (Research, Innovation and Global Engagement).

Our academic staff have backgrounds in sociology, economics, anthropology, psychology and demography, as well as social policy. We have diverse methodological expertise, from ethnography to advanced ...

William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853-1942) first went to Egypt in 1880 at the age of 26, to survey the Great Pyramid. For the next five decades he was at the forefront of the development of ...