Dopamine is a powerful signal in the brain, influencing our moods, motivations, movements, and more. The neurotransmitter is crucial for reward-based learning, a function that may be disrupted in a ...

Spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in dorsal striatum are often proposed as a locus of reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia. Here, we identify and resolve a fundamental inconsistency between ...

In the striatum, NO is generated primarily via activation of nNOS which is localized to a subclass of medium aspiny interneurons known to synthesize neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, and GABA (Bredt ...

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