Through tissue tension, stretching promotes fibroblast activity and macrophage polarization, further amplifying anti-inflammatory responses. Together, these interventions strengthen macrophage ...

In INSIE cells and fibroblasts, S1P affects cAMP levels and the MAPK pathway ... IL-1, Interleukin-1; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; NF-κB, nuclear factor ...

Effect of C7-T1 Extensional Posterior Transpedicle Osteotomy on Mobility and Quality of Life in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Complicated with Lumbar Kyphosis and Related Factors.