Due to limitations such as residual confounding, potential reverse causality, inadequate adjustment ... In the first phase, we first examined the causal effects of glucosamine on 2 cognitive traits ...
Neighborhood disadvantage is linked to worse sleep efficiency among patients with or at risk of developing knee OA, which has an indirect effect on pain severity.
In epidemiology, other criteria such as consistency upon replication are also important. With the exception of antagonistic causes acting simultaneously, as in feed back systems, absence of ...