Pathology Outlines - Red blood cell alloimmunization
2022年10月31日 · Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is the formation of antibodies to non-self RBC antigens (excluding naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B) Only occurs after exposure through transfusion, pregnancy or transplantation. Incidence varies among different patient populations and is estimated to occur in 0.5 - 3% of the general population.
Pathology Outlines - Fibroadenoma
2021年7月19日 · Epidemiology. Most common benign tumor of the female breast. Most common breast tumor in adolescent and young women. Can occur at any age, median age of 25 years (J R Coll Surg Edinb 1988;33:16) Juvenile fibroadenoma generally occurs in younger and adolescent patients < 20 years; reported in children at a very young age (Am J Surg Pathol 1985;9 ...
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)
2021年1月20日 · Epidemiology. MPNST can occur in the following settings: Sporadic (approximately 50%) In neurofibromatosis type 1 (40 - 50%) In the setting of prior radiation therapy (10%) Plexiform neurofibroma is a common precursor lesion in patients with NF1. Patients with NF1 have an 8 - 13% lifetime risk of developing MPNST.
Pathology Outlines - Staging-carcinoma
Accessed October 9th, 2024. Definition / general. Adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated, high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum are covered by this staging system. These topics are not covered: appendiceal carcinoma, anal carcinoma and well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Essential features.
Pathology Outlines - Fat necrosis
2023年6月9日 · Fat necrosis has three stages of evolution. The first stage is characterized by disruption of adipocytes following an inciting event. This can lead to local cyst formation with or without calcifications. In the intermediate stage, inflammatory cells phagocytose the necrotic adipocytes and fibroblasts proliferate.
Pathology Outlines - Thyroid & parathyroid
Parathyroid malignant: parathyroid carcinoma. Thyroid stains: AE1/AE3 BCL2 beta-catenin BRAF calcitonin CD5 CD117 CEA chromogranin CK19 Congo Red Galectin3 HBME Ki67 mammaglobin NRAS p53 p63 PAS PAX8 PTEN thyroglobulin TTF1 Parathyroid stains: chromogranin A GATA3 parafibromin (CDC73) (pending) PTH (parathyroid hormone) synaptophysin ...
Pathology Outlines - Lymphocytic colitis
Collagenous colitis: Thickening and qualitative abnormalities of subepithelial collagen band with mild increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Architectural distortion. Basal lymphoplasmacytosis. Cryptitis, crypt abscesses. Paneth cell metaplasia. Acute infectious colitis: Edema.
Pathology Outlines - Lynch syndrome
2024年6月18日 · Colorectal cancer diagnosed in 2 or more first or second degree relatives with HNPCC related tumors, regardless of age (J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:261) Recommended screening for patients with Lynch syndrome: Full colonoscopy every 1 - 2 years beginning at age 20 - 25 years. Annual screening for endometrial cancer beginning at age 25 - 35.
Pathology Outlines - Frozen section overview
2022年10月24日 · Poor staining hinders frozen section diagnoses, as nuclear detail is compromised. Solutions: (a) maintain a clean stain line by frequent solution changes; (b) follow recommended staining times; (c) don't rush. Note: brain tissue may stain best in eosin for 60+ seconds. Water: should be changed after each frozen section.
Atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious (ASAP)
2020年4月24日 · Definition / general. Atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious (ASAP) was devised to represent our inability to render an incontrovertible diagnosis of cancer within a focus of concern that generally has fewer than 2 dozen acini, less than 1 mm (Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:1489, Urology 1998;51:749) A fallacy among nonpathologists is that it ...