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Get the cheapest USPS rates & UPS discounts. Web-based software so you can ship wherever, whenever. Share your labels through a Private Share link. Access secret shipping services like …
Provisional Irish Republican Army - Wikipedia
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA; Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompa...
What is PIRA in Multiple Sclerosis? | National MS Society
2024年11月27日 · What causes PIRA, or progression independent of relapse activity? Learn more about smoldering MS and new research on neurodegeneration and PIRA treatments. Researchers focus on what’s driving MS progression and how to improve treatment.
Understanding PIRA in MS: Key Insights and Advances From …
2024年12月3日 · PIRA represents MS progression without clinical relapses, impacting patients' quality of life by contributing to disability accumulation. Unlike RAW, PIRA reflects insidious progression, often undetected by traditional relapse-focused assessments.
PIRA Identified as the Most Common Form of Disability …
2023年10月4日 · Newly published in JAMA Neurology, a systematic review showed that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is the most frequent manifestation of disability accumulation across the full spectrum of traditional multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes, including clinically isolated syndrome and early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ...
Defining progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in …
2023年4月6日 · The concept of PIRA (progression independent of relapse activity) in relapsing multiple sclerosis is novel and potentially disruptive. The essence of this concept is that a signal of disability progression is evident in early relapsing multiple sclerosis, independent of relapses.
Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
2023年12月13日 · Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is one of the main mechanisms of disability accrual in multiple sclerosis (MS) even in people with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). 1 PIRA can occur at any stage of the disease and is associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes, especially if PIRA occurs early in the disease course. 2 The ...
Harmonizing Definitions for Progression Independent of Relapse …
The proportion of PIRA vs relapse-associated worsening increased with age, longer disease duration, and, despite lower absolute event numbers, potent suppression of relapses by highly effective disease-modifying therapy.
Defining Progression Independent of Relapsing Activity and …
3 天之前 · Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) has emerged as a critical driver of disability accrual in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the establishment of a reliable definition remains contentious. A recent cohort study using data from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register sought to address this gap by assessing the sensitivity ...
Using the Progression Independent of Relapse Activity Framework …
2024年6月18日 · Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), a recent concept to formalize disability accrual in multiple sclerosis (MS) independent of relapses, has gained popularity as a potential clinical trial outcome. We discuss its shortcomings and appraise the challenges of implementing it in clinical settings, experimental trials, and research.