Falconry was once called "hawking", and any bird used for falconry could be referred to as a hawk. [4]Aristotle listed eleven types of ἱέρακες (hierakes, hawks; singular ἱέραξ, hierax): aisalōn (merlin), asterias, hypotriorchēs, kirkos, leios, perkos, phassophonos, phrynologos, pternis, spizias, and triorchēs.Pliny numbered sixteen kinds of hawks, but named only aigithos ...