15.3: Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives - Chemistry LibreTexts
Instead of using numbers to indicate substituents on a benzene ring, ortho- (o-), meta- (m-), or para (p-) can be used in place of positional markers when there are two substituents on the benzene ring (disubstituted benzenes). They are defined as the following:
3.10: Benzene and its Derivatives - Chemistry LibreTexts
Feb 13, 2019 · This section focuses on naming benzene derivatives and the important distinction between a phenyl group and a benzyl group. Phenol nomenclature and with other important benzene derivatives are …
Activating and Deactivating Groups In Electrophilic Aromatic …
Sep 26, 2017 · Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene are around 1-3% as reactive as benzene, whereas ethyl benzoate is significantly deactivated – it is around 0.1-0.2% as reactive as benzene! Toluene is 40-50 times as reactive as benzene.
16.5: An Explanation of Substituent Effects - Chemistry LibreTexts
Oct 27, 2023 · predict the product or products formed from the reaction of a given monosubstituted benzene derivative with each of the electrophiles discussed in this chapter. explain, by drawing the resonance contributors for the intermediate carbocation, why the electrophilic substitution of an alkyl benzene results in a mixture of mainly ortho- and para ...
Ortho-, Para- and Meta- Directors in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Jan 29, 2018 · 1. ortho-, para- Directors. Here’s a fascinating observation. Start with a monosubstituted benzene. Then perform some kind of electrophilic aromatic substitution (nitration, halogenation, sulfonation – turns out it doesn’t matter). Two important reaction patterns are …
13.8 Structure and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
The benzene ring has two chlorine atoms (dichloro) in the first and second positions. The compound is o -dichlorobenzene or 1,2-dichlorobenzene. The benzene ring has a methyl (CH 3 ) group.
Directing Effects | OCR A Level Chemistry Revision Notes 2017
Side groups on a benzene ring can affect the position on the ring of where substitution reactions will occur; The side groups on a benzene ring can either be electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups; Electron-donating groups, such as -CH 3, -OH and -NH 2, donate electron density into the π system of the benzene ring making it more reactive
3.4. Isomers | Organic Chemistry 1: An open textbook - Lumen …
Constitutional isomers. IUPAC defines constitutional isomerism as “isomerism between structures differing in constitution and described by different line formulae e.g. CH3OCH3 and CH3CH2OH.” Recall that there are three types of constitutional isomer …
Nucleophilic Reactions of Benzene Derivatives
Jan 23, 2023 · Benzene is more susceptible to radical addition reactions than to electrophilic addition. We have already noted that benzene does not react with chlorine or bromine in the absence of a catalyst and heat. In strong sunlight or with radical initiators benzene adds these halogens to give hexahalocyclohexanes.
Naming aromatic compounds - chemguide
There will be a benzene ring with a -COOH group in the number 1 position and a nitro group, NO 2, in the 3 position. The -COOH group is modified to make an ester by replacing the hydrogen of the -COOH group by a methyl group.