Renal calyx - Wikipedia
The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids .
What Are Lower Pole Stones? - iCliniq
2023年4月13日 · Lower pole stones are kidney stones present in the inferior pole in the calyx of the kidneys. Kidney stones are common in the lower pole because the inferior surface of the kidney is the place where urine leaves the kidney and enters the urinary collecting system.
Kidneys: Anatomy, function and internal structure - Kenhub
2023年11月3日 · Several minor calices unite to form a major calix. Usually, there are two to three major calices in the kidney (superior, middle, and inferior), which again unite to form the renal pelvis from which the ureter emerges and leaves the kidney through the hilum.
Treatment of renal lower pole stones: an update - PMC
Lower pole stones (LPS) account for approximately 35% of renal calculi and may remain asymptomatic in many patients. On the other hand, treatment of such stones is challenging due to the difficulty in eliminating fragments and anatomical access to the inferior renal calyx (7).
Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones - AAFP
2001年4月1日 · Stones in a lower pole calyx are an exception, as they are associated with poor clearance rates after extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and 1 cm is the generally recommended upper limit...
Optimal management of lower pole stones: the direction of …
We present an up-to-date European Association of Urology and American Urological Association algorithm for lower pole stones, risks and benefits of different treatments, and changing landscape with the miniaturization of percutaneous stone treatments.
MANAGEMENT OF CALYCEAL CALCULI - Urologic Clinics
1997年2月1日 · Although SWL is the treatment of choice for approximately 90% of calyceal calculi, review of the literature nearly uniformly describes a lower stone-free rate for lower calyceal stones compared with those in middle and superior pole calyces. 17,26,27,46,48,56,62 A recent review reported that the overall stone-free rate for lower pole calculi ...
PCNL for Lower Pole Calyceal Stones | SpringerLink
Lower pole calyceal stones (LPCS) constitute approximately 35% of all renal stones (Gurocak et al. 2008) and can remain asymptomatic; however, 75% of the stones will progress (increase in size, cause pain, or require intervention) and 50% will …
1.5 cm stone in the lower calyx: flexible ureteroscopy versu ... - LWW
Lower pole stones (LPS) are defined as stones located in the inferior pole calyx of the kidney and are the most common renal stones. These stones usually require some kind of active treatment as these are less likely to pass spontaneously [1]. The optimal treatment of LPS with a size of 1–2 cm represents a point of debate among the endourologists.
Lower-pole fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous renal access: which calix …
Textbooks and peer-reviewed articles consistently refer to the most medial calix seen on fluoroscopy as posterior. We undertook this study to determine the orientation of the lower-pole calices to define the optimal site for lower-pole percutaneous renal access via a posterior calix.