Interpreting raised serum ferritin levels | The BMJ
2015年8月3日 · Ferritin is an intracellular iron storage protein and a marker of iron stores. Normal serum ferritin levels vary between laboratories but generally concentrations >300 µg/L in men and postmenopausal women and >200 µg/L in premenopausal women are regarded as elevated. 1 Low ferritin values provide absolute evidence of iron deficiency. 2 Raised ...
Interpreting iron studies | The BMJ
2017年6月15日 · Box 1: Suggested indications for iron studies. Investigation of. iron overload (haemochromatosis) 1. o at early stages can be asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, or generalised joint pains. o later manifestations might include deranged liver enzymes, cirrhosis, erectile dysfunction, arthritis, or cardiomyopathy.
Quality improvement into practice | The BMJ
2020年3月31日 · Definitions of quality improvement. Improvement in patient outcomes, system performance, and professional development that results from a combined, multidisciplinary approach in how change is delivered. 3. The delivery of healthcare with improved outcomes and lower cost through continuous redesigning of work processes and systems. 4.
Interpreting an isolated raised serum alkaline phosphatase level in …
2013年4月3日 · This article discusses the most common causes of raised alkaline phosphatase levels in an asymptomatic patient and provides advice on the relevant investigations. #### Learning points If alkaline phosphatase is raised in an asymptomatic patient and serum bilirubin, liver transaminases, creatinine, adjusted calcium, thyroid function, and blood count are normal: …
Gout: diagnosis and management—summary of NICE guidance
2022年8月30日 · Measure the serum urate level in people with symptoms and signs of gout to confirm the clinical diagnosis (serum urate level ≥360 μmol/L (6 mg/dL)). If serum urate level is <360 μmol/L during a flare and gout is strongly suspected, repeat the serum urate level measurement at least two weeks after the flare has settled.
Investigating raised creatine kinase | The BMJ
2021年6月23日 · A 76 year old man with hypercholesterolaemia is referred to the lipid clinic because of persistently raised creatine kinase activity of 1000 IU/L or above (reference range 40-320 IU/L) after trying multiple statins. He describes no significant myalgia but had some proximal muscle weakness, which is demonstrated when he stands up from a seated position and when …
Essential tremor: diagnosis and management - The BMJ
2019年8月5日 · Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders in adults and can affect both children and adults. An updated consensus statement in 2018 redefined essential tremor as an isolated action tremor present in bilateral upper extremities for at least three years. Tremor may also be present in other locations, commonly the neck or the vocal cords. Patients …
Pernicious anaemia - The BMJ
2020年4月24日 · Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disorder affecting the gastric mucosa with impaired absorption of dietary cobalamin (vitamin B12) resulting in B12 deficiency. Figure 1 depicts the pathophysiology of pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 is essential for production of blood cells and myelination of nerves. Its deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia.
How to prepare and deliver an effective oral presentation
2014年3月19日 · Delivery. It is important to dress appropriately, stand up straight, and project your voice towards the back of the room. Practise using a microphone, or any other presentation aids, in advance. If you don’t have your own presenting style, think of the style of inspirational scientific speakers you have seen and imitate it.
Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding | The BMJ
2019年3月25日 · Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency, with a reported mortality of 2-10%. Patients identified as being at very low risk of either needing an intervention or death can be managed as outpatients. For all other patients, intravenous fluids as needed for resuscitation and red cell transfusion at a hemoglobin threshold of 70-80 g/L are …